ingilizce USE OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE konu anlatımı, USE OF THE

27/12/2009 · Kategori: Ingilizce Ders

Bu tense'i geçmişte yaptığımız eylemleri, olaylan ve durumlan anlatırken kullanırız. Yesterday, last night, last week, last summer, halfan hour ago, ten days ago, two years ago vb. bu tense ile sıkça kullanılan zaman zarflarıdır.

I  became a teacher eight years ago.

Where did you go on holiday last summer?

He didn't play football last Sunday because he was ill.

She left the country a few months ago.

a)         Düzenli (regular) fiillerin past biçimi, fiilin yalın haline -ed eklenerek elde edilir.

Present: want               stay                  study                shave

Past:      wanted            stayed              studied             shaved

b)         "Be" fiilinin past biçimi "was, were" biçimindedir.

I lived in a village when I was a child.

She was late for work yesterday, so her boss was angry with her.

We weren't at home last night.

c)         Düzenli fiillerin -ed takısını almasıyla ilgili yazım kurallan şöyledir:

I) Çoğu düzenli fiil -ed alır.

talk - talked                 govern - governed        roar - roared

walk - walked              seem - seemed             roam - roamed

ü) Bir sessiz + bir sesli + bir sessiz harften oluşan kısa fiillerde, sondaki sessiz harf çift yazılır.

grab - grabbed              stop - stopped              beg - begged

ban - banned                slim - slimmed             rob - robbed

ü!) Sonu -e ile bitenler sadece -d takısı alır.

gaze - gazed                 stare - stared                like - liked

smile - smiled              hate - hated                  save - saved

IV) Sonu bir sessiz harf + y ile bitenlerde -y,  -l olur, ondan sonra -ed eklenir.

try - tried                      cry - cried                    apply - applied

dry - dried                    fry - fried                     study - studied

-y   den önce bir sesli harf varsa yazımda değişiklik olmaz.

play - played                delay - delayed            betray - betrayed

pray - prayed               decay - decayed           spray - sprayed

d)         Düzensiz (irregular) fiillerin past biçimi ise tabloda görüldüğü gibidir.

AN   ALPHABETICAL LIST OF IRREGULAR   VERBS

American'English'de düzenli olan bazı fiiller British English'de düzensizdir.

American: burn-burned, dream-dreamed, kneel-kneeled, lean-leaned, smell-smelled, spill-spilled,

etc. British: bum-burnt, dream-dreamt, kneel-knelt, lean-leant, smell-smell, spill-spilt

Simple Past(Devamı değildir)

[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to"

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

SIMPLE PAST TENSE konu anlatımı, SIMPLE PAST TENSE konu anlatımı

26/12/2009 · Kategori: Ingilizce Ders

FORM

Olumlu cümlede, fiillerin past tense biçimi, olumsuz cümlede ve soruda ise fiillerin yalın hali kullanılır.

l lived in İzmir for five years.

She didn't study hard enough to pass the exam.

Did you stay home yesterday?

Kısa cevapta did ve didn't kullanılır.

Did you go to the cinema last week?

Yes, we did.   (Yes, we went to the cinema last week.)

Did you visit your friends yesterday?

No, I didn't. (I didn't visit my friends yesterday.)

SIMPLE PAST TENSE (Başka Anlatım Yukarıdan Anlamadıysanız...)

● Simple Past Tense asıl olarak geçmişteki olayları anlatmak için kullanılır. Aşağıda bu zamanın kullanımlarını ayrıntılı biçimde görebilirsiniz.

Auxiliary verbs (Yardımcı fiiller): did/didn't

ÖRNEK TABLO
I played I didn't play Did I play? You played You didn't play Did you play? He played He didn't play Did he play? She played She didn't play Did she play? It played It didn't play Did it play? We played We didn't play Did we play? They played They didn't play Did they play?



DİKKAT! Olumlu cümlelerde herhangi bir yardımcı fiil gelmez ve fiilin ikinci hali kullanılır. Olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde did veya
didn't yardımcı fiili kullanılır ve fiil yalın haliyle kalır.

EXAMPLES (ÖRNEKLER):

(+) I visited my uncle. (Amcamı ziyaret ettim)
(Bu cümle olumludur ve görüldüğü gibi fiilin ikinci hali kullanılmıştır.)

(-) I didn't visit my uncle yesterday. (Dün amcamı ziyaret etmedim.)
(Bu cümle olumsuzdur ve didn't yardımcı fiili kullanıldığı için fiil yalın haliyle gelmiştir.)

(?) Did I visit my uncle yesterday. (Dün amcamı ziyaret ettim mi?)
(Bu cümle soru cümlesidir ve "did" yardımcı fiili geldiği için fiil yine yalın haliyle kullanılmıştır.)

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS (Düzenli ve düzensiz fiiller)

● İngilizce'de fiiller düzenli ve düzensiz olarak ikiye ayrılır. Düzenli fiilerin ikinci halini kullanmak için fiilin sonuna -ed takısı eklenir.

Example: want >> wanted
clean >> cleaned
wash >> washed

● Düzensiz fiiller adından da anlaşılacağı gibi düzensiz olarak değişirler bu yüzden ezberlenmesi gerekir. Düzensiz fiil tablosunu
görmek için tıklayın.

Example: go >> went
swim >> swam
do >> did
USES (KULLANIMLARI)
● USE 1Completed Action in the Past
(Geçmişte tamamlanmış eylemler)

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

(Simple Past Tense geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış ve bitmiş eylemler için kullanılır. Bazen konuşan kişi tam olarak bir zaman belirtmeyebilir, ama mutlaka cümlede bir geçmiş zaman fikri vardır.)

EXAMPLES:

I saw a movie yesterday.(Dün bir film seyrettim.)

I didn't see a movie yesterday. (Dün bir film seyretmedim.)

Last year, I traveled to Italy. (Geçen yıl İtalya'ya seyahat ettim.)

Last year, I didn't travel to Italy. (Geçen yıl İtalya'ya seyahat etmedim.)

She washed her hands. (Ellerini yıkadı)

She didn't wash her hands. (Ellerini yıkamadı)

● USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions(Geçmişte tamamlanmış eylemler serisi)

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past.
(Simple Past Tense'i geçmişte tamamlanmış birkaç eylemi arka arkaya anlatmak için kullanırız.

EXAMPLES:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
(İşlerimi bitirdim, sahile yürüdüm ve yüzmek için güzel bir yer buldum.)

He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
(Havaalanından saat 8'de geldi, 9'da otele kaydını yaptırdı ve diğerleriyle 10'da buluştu.)

● USE 3Single Duration
(Tek süreç)

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a long action often used with expressions like "for two years," "for five minutes," "all day" or "all year."

(Simple Past Tense geçmişte başlamış ve bitmiş bir süreci anlatırken kullanılır. Bu süreç uzundur ve genelde "iki yıldır", "tüm gün" veya "tüm yıl" gibi zaman ifadeleriyle kullanılır.)

EXAMPLES:

I lived in Turkey for two years.
(İki yıl Türkiye'de yaşadım.)

Ahmet studied English for five years.
(Ahmet beş yıl İngilizce çalıştı.)

They sat at the beach all day.
(Tüm gün sahilde oturdular.)

We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
(Yarım saat telefonda konuştuk.)

How long did you wait for them?
We waited for one hour.

(Onları ne kadar beklediniz?
Bir saat bekledik.)

● USE 4 Habit in the Past
(Geçmişteki alışkanlıklar)
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to". To make it clear that we are talking about a habit we often use expressions such as "always," "often," "usually," "never," "...when I was a child" or "...when I was younger" in the sentence.

(Simple Past Tense aynı zamanda geçmişte vazgeçtiğimiz alışkanlıklar için de kullanılır. "used to" kalıbıyla aynı amaçla kullanılabilir. Bahsettiğimiz eylemin bir alışkanlık olduğunu açıkça belirtmek için cümlelerde "always" (daima), "often" (sık sık), "usually" (genellikle) ve "never" (asla)gibi zaman ifadeleri kullanılır.

EXAMPLES:

I played basketball when I was a child.
(Çocukken basketbol oynardım.)

He played the guitar.
(Gitar çalardı.)

She worked at the hospital after school.
(Okuldan sonra hastanede çalışırdı.)

They never went to school, they always skipped.
(Hiç okula gitmezlerdi, hep kaçarlardı.)

TIME EXPRESSIONS IN SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Time expressions zaman belirten ifadelerdir ve İngilizce'de her zaman için farklı ifadeler kullanılır. Özellikle sınavlarda cümlenin hangi tense olduğunu anlamak için time expression'ların bilinmesi çok önemlidir.

yesterday (dün) I went to theatre yesterday. (Dün sinemaya gittim.)

last week/year/Sunday etc. (Geçen hafta/yıl/Pazar vs.) He bought a car last week. (Geçen hafta araba aldı.)

two years/four days/three minutes ago (iki yıl/dört gün/üç dakika önce) I saw her two minutes ago. (İki dakika önce onu gördüm.

Last night (dün gece) I watched a movie last night on TV. (Dün gece televizyonda bir film izledim.)

İNGİLİZCE CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA İLE İLGİLİ TEST SORULARI

22/12/2009 · Kategori: Ingilizce Ders

CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA İLE İLGİLİ TEST SORULARI (1) (FIND THE BEST COMPLETION) (İNGİLİZCE DERSİ İLE İLGİLİ TEST SORULARI, SORU BANKASI)

BOŞLUĞA UYGUN DÜŞEN İFADEYİ BULUNUZ.

1-����., but I'd guess he must be about sixty.

A)My husband will phone the tour company and ask the price of the trip to Egypt

B)I don't remember how much the shop assistant told us those jeans cost

C)I don't know exactly how old Tim's father is

D)Frank weighed himself and was horrified to see he is eight kilos

E)Tom may be heavier than you, but don't forget that he is also taller

2- If you're not sure how to spell a word, ����.. .

A) one must first learn how to pronounce the English alphabet

B) you should look it up in a dictionary

C) homophones are words that sound the same

D) it is because, in Turkish, every sound is represented with a symbol

E) then you should have avoided using them in your essay

3-��.., most citizens of the sultanate actually live in poverty.

A)Since the Sultan of Brunei is one of the wealthiest people in the world

B)Considering that the largest concentration of urban population is in Brunei's capital, Bandar Seri Begawan

C)Because Brunei earns billions of dollars a year from petroleum exports

D)When Queen Elizabeth paid an official visit to the Sultan of Brunei in ear1y1998

E)Although the average income in Brunei is among the world's highest

4-The cost of living in Alaska is extremely high, ���  .

A) as the price of petrol there is surprisingly low

B) whereas Eskimos live in ice houses called igloos

C) due to the fact that only about 500,000 people live there

D) unless you really enjoy extremely cold weather and snow

E) because nearly everything has to be imported

5-In Africa, summer starts in the middle of December, ��.. .

A) however the inhabitants don't have much opportunity to take advantage of this

B) while in Europe, the season begins in the middle of June

C) when vast stretches of land were frequently covered in snow

D) but they're going to change this system so as to be like the rest of the world

E) though the modern twelve-month calendar is of little use to them

6-���.,so the family of the victim were outraged.

A) They won their case and the burglar had to go to jail

B) The girl completely recovered from the brutal attack

C) They were relieved to see the murderer locked up in prison

D) The murderer was only given a two and a half year prison sentence

E) The judge had given the robber a harsh punishment

7-�...,  though she carefully kept it from me.

A) I'm surprised to hear about the problems she faced there

B) I've tried to make my daughter talk to me

C) I was expecting her to tell me all her secrets

D)Kim tells me almost everything that happens at school

E) She mentioned to Roberta about her new boyfriend

8- �.. , which has a wonderful view of the harbour.

A) The restaurant on Galata Tower serves specialities of Turkish cuisine

B) My friend, Jason, lived in the same house for more than ten years

C) I'll show you Molly's new car as we drive past it on our way home

D) Whenever I have a little time, I love climbing up Shooter Hill

E) Most of the flats in this block are a little cold as they face north

9- Despite abundant rain throughout the winter, �.. .

A) the city is still suffering from a shortage of water this summer

B) when there were severe floods destroying a large part of the region

C) the local fruit growers no longer complain about the drought

D) it was after a long period, without a drop of rain for many months

E) irrigation is only necessary for a few farms where they grow vegetables

10- Are you aware that we will have been waiting here for four straight hours ��..?

A) if we had toured around the city instead of coming here so early

B) what time exactly is the plane going to take off

C) since they last made an announcement about the fate of our flight

D) as soon as they arrived in Spain at 3p.m.

E) by the time the plane leaves at eight, after a two-hour delay

11- ���, Barbara was appointed to district manager.

A) Unless she displayed considerable talent in her job

B) Due to her dedication to her work

C) As she has just been promised by the director

D) No wonder she just couldn�t believe her eyes

E) In spite of her managerial skills she gained at university

12-I didn�t know what to say���.. .

A) when Nicole came in with her new hair style and asked for my opinion

B) if I don't think I'll have finished reading the report before then

C) that Tim has always asked his questions in such a straightforward manner

D) the fact that I lust wanted to leave work without any major reasons

E) and so get the lowest mark of my life

13����.., he has not written a new book for over ten years.

A) Once considered one of the most promising authors of his generation

B) When the critics felt that he was sure to be a huge success

C) After putting his feet up on the desk and looking me straight in the eye

D) As his publisher tried to urge him to work more productively

E) What his readers really appreciate is the consistent quality of his writing

14-While New York is one of the most exciting cities in the world, �����.

A) it's because its residents consist of people from various cultures

B) it's certainly not one of the cheapest though

C) make sure you visit the Metropolitan Museum during your visit

D) it can also be one of the most stressful and dangerous

E) the sightseeing tour which we Joined was really unforgettable

15- Though it's been years since he last visited his parents,������ .

A) he always felt so depressed when he returned home

B) they both seem to be very healthy for their age

C) he had taken a round-the-world trip in the meantime

D) he was glad that they both looked quite healthy

E) he still feels close because of the frequent phone calls and letters

16-Some people are terrified of thunderstorms ��..

A) as long as they feel certain that  there is no reason

B) even when they are safely indoors

C) where thunderstorms are extremely common

D) as most of them only last 30 to 40 minutes

E) if only they knew that they are not as dangerous

17-���, yet it  is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world.

A) Unlike many important archaeological sites, the Great Pyramid was never buried or lost

B) Because of the political situation, few people visit Ankor Wat today

C) One of the most beautiful places I have ever seen is the Valley of the Kings

D) The modem architecture of the Sydney Opera House arouses admiration in people

E) Archaeological investigations are still continuing at the Valley of the Kings

18-����� in spite of there being no tourist facilities there.

A) We really enjoyed our trip to a remote part of the Himalayas

B) The best way to attract a lot more tourists to the area

C) They thought that Angola was one of the worst places they had ever visited

D Whatever your age is, there is so much for everyone to do at the resort

E) I spent most of my last holiday cold, wet and miserable

19- ��.., others are happy with the role of the traditional housewife.

A) Because it is not very satisfying staying home and looking after children

B) As the traditional extended family has almost ceased to exist in the West

C) Whichever methods overweight women try in order to lose weight

D) Since one salary is often not enough to support a family

E) Although many women work in full time jobs

20-Jeff �s parents allow him to stay out late ����.. .

A) but not until he promised to come back before midnight

B) by the time they find out his whereabouts

C) since his eighteenth birthday two months ago

D) so long as he calls to report where he is

E) whenever he got a high mark on a test

21-����., they had to book the hall for two more nights.

A)Since so many people wanted to go to the concert

B)Even if more people want to attend the conference than expected

C)Although all the tickets sold out within hours of going on sale

D)In spite of the risks of using untrained personnel

E) The play was originally planned to be performed on Saturday night

22-It is essential that no one leaves the building ����� .

A)so that the building is very crowded

B) until the police have checked everyone's identity

C)as though everyone was still inside

D) yet it is still possible that there were a lot of people inside at the time

E) provided that nobody could state a valid excuse

23-Last year there was such a lot of rain in the south of the country����.

A)so there was not enough in the rest of the country

B)than the amount which was forecast by the weather station

C)when there was a lot of suffering and homelessness caused by them

D)that it appeared as though it would never stop

E)since there had not been that much rain for a long time

24-One of the main causes of heart disease is����. .

A)as people eat the wrong things and don't get enough exercise

B)since people do not have to work physically as hard as they used to

C)yet treatment is available if you are sensible and have regular checkups

D)that many people are unaware of the dangers of smoking combined with poor diet

E)when chest pains occur after exercise

25-I'm sorry for the misunderstanding, but if you had only phoned, ����. .

A)I told you on the e-mail that I wouldn't be able to meet you at the airport

B)you should have checked with me that we had meant the same restaurant

C)whether the meeting has been put off or not

D)I have had the date and the address of the conference confirmed

E)we could have been sure that we understood each other

26-..........., until his car was stolen and he got mugged on the same day.

A)His life was so bad that he was sure he was due for a spell of good luck

B)The police were sure that they knew where the robbers were hiding

C)He never believed that he lived in a. dangerous part of town.

D)He enjoyed the security of his job even though the salary was low

E)No matter how hard he worked he always seemed to have trouble paying his bills

27-Some people feel that the American political system has steadily deteriorated ���..  .

A)when people became more concerned with the people who took decisions for them

B)while the media is one of the main causes of it

C)so that the candidates are now more honest and better qualified than ever

D)since the mass media began to make image more important than ideas

E)during the first televised TV debates between Kennedy and Nixon

28- ���, sometimes things all work out for the best.

A)Though it can be quite disappointing not to get to the university you set your heart 9n

B)Because in some countries there is no longer any compulsory military service

C)We all had a great time hiking through the woods last weekend

D)I've never seen such a terrible hotel or eaten at such a bad restaurant

E)It was unbelievable how he lost his entire fortune in a single night of gambling

CEVAP ANAHTARI

1C  2B           3E           4E           5B           6D          7E           8D          9A           10E        11B        12A         13A         14D

15E                16B        17B        18A         19E        20D        21A         22B        23B        24D        25E        26C        27D        28A

CONTINUOUS TENSE'LERLE KULLANILMAYAN FİİLLER

21/12/2009 · Kategori: Ingilizce Ders

1 -7     PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) TENSE'LERLE KULLANILMAYAN FİİLLER

* Yanında yıldız olan fiiller, farklı bir anlam taşıdıkları zaman, sürerlik bildiren tense'lerle kullanılabilirler.

THE SIMPLE PRESENT or THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

8/12/2009 · Kategori: Ingilizce Ders

Ancak, geçici olarak ikamet ettiğimiz/çalıştığımız yeri şimdiki zamanla belirtiriz.

I moved to istanbul last week, and I'm living with a friend for the time being. His company sent him abroad for a month, and now he is working in Kuwait.

c)             Bazı fuller sürerlik bildiren tense'lerle (/ am doing, I was doing, I have been doing, etc.)

kullanılmazlar. Bu fuller, konuşma sırasında bizzat yapılmakta olan bir eylem (action) bildirmezler, durum ifade ederler.

"I'm writing now." ifadesinde, write fiili bir eylem bildirir. Yani benim şu anda yapmakta olduğum bir işi ifade eder.

"/ know English." ifadesinde ise know fiili bir eylem bildirmez. Yani, kişinin yapmakta olduğu bir işi değil, statik bir durum bildirir.

Durum bildiren fiillerin Simple Present ve Present Continuous için kullanımları aynıdır.

When I get up in the morning, I want to drink coffee, (simple present) I'm very thirsty. I want to drink something, (now)

People need money in order to live, (simple present) I need some money. Can you lend me some? (now)